Design of a europium-activated lithium-silicate cyan phosphor via cation substitution

Lithium-containing silicates have been considered as a considerable alternative for luminescent materials. In this study, a novel cyan-emitting phosphor, Na₃LiHf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺, was successfully synthesized via cationic substitution with Na₄Hf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺ as the initial model. The crystal structure, morphology, and luminescence performance of Na_4-xLi_xHf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺ were investigated in detail. The substitution of Li⁺ for Na⁺ site causes a significant blue-shift of the emission band in the range of 550–500 nm and a smaller full width at half maximum. As a result, a cyan phosphor Na₃LiHf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺ that can be effectively excited by near-ultraviolet and high-energy beams is obtained. The mechanism of emission regulation was proposed based on the transformation of crystal structure and luminescence performance. In addition, the thermal quenching and cathodoluminescence behaviors were also studied. The results show that cation substitution is an effective method to design new lithium-containing silicate phosphors.     

尼龙束捻度对水泥砂浆界面粘结的影响

通过织物拔出试验、抗折强度试验和扫描电镜对水泥基体微观破坏形貌的分析，研究了织物中尼龙束捻度对其增韧水泥砂浆界面粘结的影响。研究结果表明：存在着1个尼龙束捻度范围，在该范围内，捻度的增加有助于复合材料的界面粘结，且界面粘结强度随之提高；超出这一范围，捻度的增加反而不利于复合材料的界面粘结，界面粘结强度随之下降。     

全氟己酮和细水雾抑制三元锂离子电池火灾有效性研究

锂离子电池热失控是造成电动汽车火灾事故的首要因素。文章概述了车用锂离子电池热失控火灾危险性及抑制方法,并开展了全氟己酮、细水雾对车用三元锂离子电池热失控火灾的灭火试验。结果表明,三元锂离子电池热失控时表面最高温度超过500℃,表面最大升温速率达到18.93℃/s;全氟己酮灭火剂和细水雾均能有效扑灭电池初期明火,但在灭火后数分钟内电池发生复燃。两种灭火剂均能有效降低电池表面最高温度和最大升温速率。     

球形Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/NC复合材料的制备及性能

以CH_3COOLi为锂源、Ti(OC_4H_9)_4为钛源、聚乙二醇(PEG)1000为碳源、CO(NH_2)_2为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备球形氮修饰碳(NC)包覆钛酸锂(Li_4Ti_5O_(12))复合材料。用XRD、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重测试分析材料的晶型及元素组成,用SEM和透射电子显微镜测试分析结构。制备的材料呈球形,NC包覆未改变Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的晶型,但会导致烧结过程中部分Ti~(4+)还原成Ti~(3+)。恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等测试表明:NC包覆,可提高Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的电化学性能,当NC包覆量为4.11%时,复合材料的循环性能最好,以1 C在0.8~2.5 V循环100次,仍保持103.5 mAh/g的比容量。     

ICP-AES法测定钛酸锂中的13个杂质元素

采用ICP-AES对钛酸锂中的镍、钴、锰、钾、钙、镁、铝、铜、铁、铅、锌、铬、钠13个杂质元素进行测定。对试样的处理方法、仪器的分析参数、分析谱线的选择做了对比研究,并且对基体干扰情况、背景情况进行研究。最终确定了最佳实验条件:将钛酸锂试样用HF-H_2SO_4溶解,加热挥发除去HF,控制硫酸酸度在2.5%~5.0%左右,用ICP-AES直接测定钛酸锂中的镍、钴、锰、钾、钙、镁、铝、铜、铁、铅、锌、铬、钠13个杂质元素。样品加标回收率为97.40%~105.04%,相对标准偏差0.01%~2.51%。方法操作简便、快速、准确。     

Harmonic fold back reduction at the N‐path filters

In this paper, a method is proposed to reduce harmonic fold back (HFB) problem of N‐path filters, without increasing the input reference clock (f_CLK ) frequency. The HFB at the N‐path filter is analyzed, and simple expressions are extracted to model this problem. Using the results of the analysis, an M‐of‐N‐path filter has been proposed that behaves like an M × N‐path filter in terms of HFB problem; however, the f_CLK frequency of this structure is the same as an N‐path filter. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed idea, a 3‐of‐4‐path filter is designed, and its characteristics are compared with 4‐path and 12‐path filters by simulation. Impacts of different non‐idealities like clock‐phase error, mismatch, and parasitic capacitance are investigated. The transistor‐level implementation of this filter is performed in 0.18 µm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The simulation results show that the filter has the pass‐band gain of 17 dB, tuning range of 0.2–1.2 GHz, −3 dB bandwidth of 25 MHz, quality factor of 8–48, 18 dB out‐of‐band rejection, 16 dB rejection of the third harmonic of switching frequency (f_s ), and the noise figure of 4.35 dB (using ideal G_m cells) and 6.95 dB (for practical G_m cells). The strongest harmonic folding to the filter pass‐band occurs around 11f_s with the attenuation of 23.8 dB. Each G_m cell draws about 12.4 mA from 1.8 V supply, and the out‐of‐band IIP3 and P _{1 dB,CP} are 17 and 4 dBm, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备球形Li_4Ti_5O_(12)及其电化学性能研究

为提高Li4Ti5O12材料的振实密度,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法合成了球形Li4Ti5O12材料。利用TGA/DSC、XRD、SEM、CV和恒流充放电仪对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,在800℃热处理12 h所得样品为单一的尖晶石晶体结构,结晶度较高,颗粒基本呈规则球形、流动性较好,粒径分布均匀,并表现出较好的电化学性能,振实密度达1.86 g/m L。在室温下以0.1 C充放电时,其首次放电比容量为173.19 m Ah/g,50次充放电循环后其放电比容量保持率为97.4%。     

两步固相法合成具有优良性能的钛酸锂

采用两步固相法,在交替气氛煅烧(空气预烧,氮气煅烧)下合成了尖晶石钛酸锂粉末,并且研究了煅烧气氛(空气和氮气)对不同合成阶段(预烧和煅烧)的影响。电化学测试结果表明,经空气预烧,氮气煅烧得到的样品在5 C的电流密度下,首次充电比容量高达128 m Ah/g,100次循环后容量保持率达94.5%,其电化学性能明显优于单一气氛煅烧下所得样品。分析其原因为碳酸锂的分解反应在空气气氛下较氮气气氛下更容易进行,且氮气气氛下合成LTO有氧空位的存在。     

溶剂热法制备介孔球形钛酸锂负极材料

以醋酸锂和钛酸四正丁酯为原料,使用NH4HCO3作为结构引导剂,通过溶剂热法后固相烧结合成了具有尖晶石型介孔球形Li4Ti5O12,探讨了不同的钛锂比和热处理温度及NH4HCO3用量对Li4Ti5O12结构和电化学性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射光谱法(XRD),扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)和恒流充放电对其进行了表征。结果表明通过该法在钛锂摩尔比为5∶4.3时,在800℃下热处理3 h可获得晶型与标准谱一致的Li4Ti5O12,在溶剂热过程中使用NH4HCO3做为结构诱导剂时,可获得具有介孔结构的球形Li4Ti5O12材料,该材料在充放电过程中显示出了较好的电化学性能。     

Testing for Cointegration with Temporally Aggregated and Mixed‐Frequency Time Series

We examine the effects of mixed sampling frequencies and temporal aggregation on the size of commonly used tests for cointegration, and we find that these effects may be severe. Matching sampling schemes of all series generally reduces size distortion, and the nominal size is obtained asymptotically only when all series are skip sampled in the same way – for example, end‐of‐period sampling. We propose and analyse mixed‐frequency versions of the cointegration tests in order to control the size when some high‐frequency data are available. Otherwise, when no high‐frequency data are available, we discuss controlling size using bootstrapped critical values. We test stock prices and dividends for cointegration as an empirical demonstration.